Marine researchers documented an extraordinary sperm whale birth in the Caribbean, showing how 11 whales worked together to help deliver and protect a newborn calf. The team effort included multiple females lifting the baby to the surface for its first breath within minutes of birth.
Marine scientists have captured remarkable footage of a sperm whale birth that showcases the incredible teamwork these ocean giants display during one of life’s most critical moments. Researchers documented how a group of adult female whales formed a protective circle around an expectant mother, then worked together to lift her newborn calf to the water’s surface for its essential first breath.
The extraordinary event took place off the coast of Dominica in the eastern Caribbean, providing scientists with the most comprehensive documentation of whale birth behavior ever recorded in natural conditions. This groundbreaking observation offers new insights into sperm whales, which are the ocean’s largest toothed whales and possess brains weighing approximately 18 pounds – the heaviest of any creature on Earth.
Scientists observed a carefully orchestrated collaboration involving 11 sperm whales during the birthing process. Ten females, including the mother whale, participated alongside one young male who remained on the periphery of the group. The coordinated effort ensured the newborn’s survival during its most vulnerable moments.
Project CETI researchers used advanced technology including aerial drones, underwater sound equipment, and ship-based cameras to record the birth on July 8, 2023. The entire delivery process spanned approximately 34 minutes, beginning when the calf’s tail flukes became visible and concluding with the complete birth.
The mother whale, measuring nearly 33 feet in length, received constant support from multiple adult females who surrounded her throughout labor. Groups of whales alternated responsibilities, physically supporting and elevating the newborn to help it reach the ocean surface for air.
The research findings appeared Thursday in two separate scientific publications – Science journal and Scientific Reports.
“We observed a highly cooperative period of caregiving right after birth. The whales formed a very tight cluster around the newborn, repeatedly touched it, supported it with their bodies and took turns lifting and pushing it toward the surface. The lifting behavior continued for several hours,” said Alaa Maalouf, Project CETI’s robotics and machine learning team member and lead author of one of the studies.
Since sperm whales must breathe air to survive, newborn calves face immediate danger if they cannot reach the surface quickly after birth. This particular calf received assistance to the surface within 60 seconds of delivery, demonstrating the efficiency of the group’s coordinated response.
“Birth is a high-risk moment for sperm whales because newborns are initially immobile and helpless – much like humans – and newborns require immediate assistance from others to reach the surface for their first breath to prevent drowning,” said marine biologist and research co-author David Gruber, Project CETI’s president.
Similar cooperative lifting behaviors have been previously observed in three other toothed whale species – killer whales, false killer whales and belugas. Researchers suggest this collaborative approach may have evolved over 30 million years ago in the common ancestors of these marine mammals.
The whales’ communication patterns changed significantly during key moments of the birth process, including when labor began and when short-finned pilot whales appeared in the area. Hours after the successful delivery, the sperm whale group separated into smaller units typical of their normal feeding behavior.
Particularly noteworthy was the fact that the cooperating whales came from two distinct family groups that typically remain separate during routine activities.
“What makes this especially striking is that the support crossed kinship lines. Groups that are often more separate during normal foraging appeared to come together during birth, suggesting that sperm whale society may be built on more than close family bonds alone. In addition, the scale and structure of this cooperation point to a high degree of social and cognitive sophistication,” Maalouf said.
Sperm whales demonstrate complex social behaviors similar to other marine mammals. The largest males can grow to approximately 60 feet in length, and these whales are renowned for their deep-diving abilities as they hunt prey including giant squid. The previous scientific documentation of a sperm whale birth occurred in 1986 and consisted only of written observations without visual evidence.
These marine mammals organize themselves into intricate social structures featuring stable family units of roughly 10 to 12 individuals who work together in hunting and child-rearing responsibilities.
“Male sperm whales leave their natal units in their early teens. The grandmother, mothers and daughters will live together for life as a unit,” said research co-author Shane Gero, Project CETI’s lead biologist. “Females live in these units to cooperatively defend and raise the calves, while mature males live mostly solitary lives roaming between oceans in search of mates.”
Gero described the presence of the adolescent male during the birth as “a fascinating surprise” given typical behavioral patterns.
“Sperm whales specifically share traits strikingly similar to humans. Sperm whales have the largest brains of any species and have higher-level functions such as conscious thought and future planning, as well as speech and feelings of compassion, love, suffering and intuition,” Gruber said.